So a battery is charging during daylight from a solar panel and can discharge through solar panels during night. This problem can be prevented with a diode but this has a disadvantage so we use this switch.
This solar panels switch circuit replaces the diode and connects the panel to the battery through a relay contact. This is powered by the panel. When the supply voltage is low, the relay wont act so the battery is not connected to the solar panel.
When the voltage is high enough to start the relay and the resistor LDR R2 receives enough solar light to open T1, the relay starts and the battery will charge.
With P1 you adjust the level when the relay acts. Because the current consumption is determined by the relay, it is important that it will be a miniature type, with high coil resistance, but strong enough to comute up to 10A (eg: Siemens V23037-A0002-A101)
Solar panel switching circuit schematic
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